Lab Test

Hematology encompasses the study of blood components and coagulation. It includes,
1) Analysis of the concentration, structure and functions of the cells and their precursors in the bone marrow.
2) Analysis of chemical constituents of plasma or serum intimately, linked with blood cell structure and functions.
3) Study of functions of the platelets and proteins involved in blood coagulation.
Changes in one or more of the characteristics mentioned above, may produce hematological disease or manifestations. The hematology laboratory deals with routine determination of total number of cells in circulation, hemoglobin concentration, and differential count of leukocytes based on the study of the stained blood smear. Study of the stained blood smear helps in detecting morphological abnormalities of various cells seen in the peripheral blood circulation.

The science of microbiology is the study of micro-organisms and their activities. It is concerned with their 1) Form 2) structure 3) physiology 4) metabolism 5) identification and 6) reproduction. The micro-organisms are classified as Protista. This class includes all unicellular organisms, which are characterized by their lack of definite cellular arrangement as well as lack of differentiation of cells for specific metabolic function. The micro-organisms included in the Kingdom Protista are 1) bacteria 2) algae 3) fungi 4) protozoa. The micro-organisms classified as Protista may be further divided into A) Prokaryotes and B) Eukaryotes.

Cells are the building blocks of all living things. Groups of these cells unite to platform a specific function. These groups of cells are called tissues. The tissues of body consist of large number of cells and they are classified according to the shape, size and functions of the cells, Microscopic study of individual cell in a smear is called cytology and study of tissues is called histology.

Histology it a department of anatomy that deals with the minute structure, composition and function of tissues. Histopathology means the study of diseased tissues. The pathologist responsible for the diagnosis of diseased tissues is dependent on the technical skill of a histotechnologist, who prepare microscopic slides of the specimen. These specimen slides should be well sectioned and properly stained to provide detailed information of the tissue under examination.

Bacteriology is the scientific study of bacteria. An understanding of any group of organisms requires their classification. Most bacteria are not pathogenic. An appropriate classification system provides a broad understanding of relationships among different organisms. In a pathological laboratory. successful classification of pathogenic organisms may provide the direct route to their elimination.

Serology is the study of serum to diagnose infectious diseases by observing the immune antibody produced by the entry of the antigen (pathogen) into the body. It is the study of antigen antibody or immunological reactions of the body by using a serum specimen.